Oleh: AnneAhira.com
Sebagian besar orang seringkali memberi persepsi yang sama antara kera dengan monyet. Padahal, sebetulnya kera dan monyet berbeda. Perbedaan yang mencolok yaitu kera memiliki postur tubuh lebih besar daripada monyet. Selain itu, kera tidak memiliki ekor, sedangkan monyet memiliki ekor yang digunakan sebagai lengan tambahan untuk berayun di pohon.
Jenis-Jenis Kera
Kera termasuk bangsa primata yang terdiri dari empat jenis, yaitu gorila, simpanse, orang utan, dan siamang. Jenis-jenis kera ini hidup di hutan dengan makanan pokok dedaunan, kacang, buah-buahan, dan ada juga yang memakan serangga. Gorila dan simpanse hanya hidup di Benua Afrika, sedangkan orang utan dan siamang hidup di Asia Tenggara.
Keempat jenis kera itu memiliki karakteristik berbeda antara satu dengan yang lainnya walaupun semuanya termasuk ke dalam jenis-jenis kera.
Gorila
Gorila adalah jenis kera (primata) terbesar di antara tiga jenis lainnya. Memiliki wajah yang paling sangar dibanding yang lainnya. Berwarna cokelat cenderung hitam dengan rambut tebal dan kaku. Hewan ini memiliki tingkat kecerdasan yang tinggi. Namun, gorila masih berjalan menggunakan kedua kaki dan kedua tangannya. Uniknya, gorila memiliki tangan yang lebih panjang dibanding kakinya.
Telinganya kecil, namun memiliki tubuh yang berotot besar. Gorila tergolong hewan yang memakan segala atau dinamakan omnivora. Selain memakan sayuran, ia merupakan hewan yang memakan serangga. Ia hidup dengan keluarganya. Biasanya, jika akan tidur, ia akan menyiapkan tempat tidur yang terbuat dari dedaunan, tangkai, atau dari rerumputan.
Simpanse
Simpanse adalah spesies kera yang masuk ke dalam genus Pan. Ia hidup di hutan tropis di Benua Afrika. Kulitnya berwarna hitam kecoklatan dengan bulu hitam. Kera jenis simpanse termasuk anggota keluarga Hominidae. Kera jenis ini memiliki kecerdasan tinggi. Itulah sebabnya simpanse sering dijadikan hewan percobaan oleh manusia, terutama untuk mencoba teknologi-teknologi baru yang nantinya akan digunakan manusia.
Orang Utan
Orang utan yang jumlahnya terbanyak berada di Kalimatan. Berwarna cokelat kemerah-merahan dan memiliki kepala bulat. Bagian kepalanya terlihat walaupun tertutup rambut karena rambutnya jarang-jarang, tidak setebal jenis lainnya. Terutama, jika ia masih kecil. Jika sudah matang secara seksual, orang utan jantan akan memiliki pelipis yang gemuk di kedua pelipisnya.
Kekerabatannya dekat dengan manusia sehingga memiliki kesamaan DNA sebesar 96,4% dengan manusia. Hal itu membuat orang utan memiliki banyak kemiripan dengan manusia, seperti bentuk dan jumlah jari tangan dan kaki, indera yang dimiliki, maupun bentuk telapak tangannya. Tingginya bisa mencapai 1,5 meter.
Siamang
Ciri khas kera ini memiliki wajah berbentuk cincin dan berwarna putih. Tubuhnya ditutupi rambut lebat, kecuali di bagian wajah, telapak tangan dan kaki, dan ketiak. Siamang berwarna hitam legam berlengan panjang dan hidup pada pohon-pohon. Mereka hidup hanya pada kelompok kecil, paling banyak 3 ekor dan tidak memiliki tempat tidur khusus seperti kera lainnya.
Siamang termasuk jenis hewan yang takut pada air seperti kucing. Suaranya sangat keras dan bisa terdengar sampai jarak 6,5 meter. Kera jenis ini sangat tangkas dalam hal bergelantungan dari pohon ke pohon. Ini disebabkan ia mempunyai anyaman antara jari kedua dan ketiganya.
Walaupun memiliki lima jari, ketika berayun di pohon, ia hanya menggunakan empat jari tangannya. Ia juga memiliki tingkat kecerdasa tinggi dibanding hewan jenis lainnya. Mereka menyapih anaknya sampai berusia satu tahun. Kera jenis ini termasuk hewan omnivora yang memakan tumbuhan maupun serangga.
TYPES OF APES
Most people often give the same perception between apes and monkeys. In fact, it's really different from apes and monkeys. The contrast of apes have greater posture than monkeys. In addition, the monkeys have no tails, while monkeys have a tail that is used as an additional arm to swing in a tree.
Types of Apes
Apes including primates nation consisting of four types, namely gorillas, chimpanzees, orangutans, and gibbons. The types of monkeys live in forests with foliage of staple foods, nuts, fruits, and some that eat insects. Gorillas and chimps only live in the African Continent, while the orangutans and gibbons live in Southeast Asia.
The four species of monkeys that have different characteristics with each other even though they fall into the types of apes.
The four species of monkeys that have different characteristics with each other even though they fall into the types of apes.
Gorilla
Gorillas are the species of monkeys (primates), the largest among the three other types. Has the face of the most frightening than others. Tend to be black with brown hair thick and stiff. These animals have high intelligence levels. However, the gorillas are still running using both feet and both hands. Uniquely, the gorilla has longer arms than legs.
Small ears, but has a big muscular body. Gorillas are classified as animals that eat all or called omnivores. Apart from eating vegetables, it is the animals that eat insects. He lives with his family. Usually, when going to sleep, he would prepare a bed made of leaves, stems, or of grass.
Small ears, but has a big muscular body. Gorillas are classified as animals that eat all or called omnivores. Apart from eating vegetables, it is the animals that eat insects. He lives with his family. Usually, when going to sleep, he would prepare a bed made of leaves, stems, or of grass.
Chimpanzee
Chimps are the species of ape that comes into the genus Pan. He lives in tropical forests in the African Continent. Her skin was brownish-black with black fur. Chimpanzee ape species, including members of the family Hominidae. Apes of this type have a high intelligence. That is why chimps are often used as experimental animals by humans, mainly to try new technologies that will be used by humans.
Orang Utan
Orang-utans whose numbers are highest in Kalimantan. Reddish brown and has a rounded head. Part of his head looks as though covered with hair hair sparse, not as thick as other types. Especially, if he was a child. If it is sexually mature, male orangutans will have a temple of fat on both temples.
Kekerabatannya close to humans and therefore have a similarity of 96.4% DNA with humans. It made an orangutan has many similarities with humans, such as shape and number of fingers and toes, senses that are owned, as well as form the palm of his hand. Height can reach 1.5 meters.
Gibbon
Characteristic of this monkey has a ring-shaped face and white. His body was covered with thick hair, except in the face, palms and feet, and underarms. Gibbon colored jet black long sleeved and live in trees. They live only in small groups, at most 3 heads and do not have a special bed like other apes.
Characteristic of this monkey has a ring-shaped face and white. His body was covered with thick hair, except in the face, palms and feet, and underarms. Gibbon colored jet black long sleeved and live in trees. They live only in small groups, at most 3 heads and do not have a special bed like other apes.
Gibbon including species of animals such as cats afraid of water. His voice was very loud and could be heard up to a distance of 6.5 meters. Ape species is very agile in terms of hanging from tree to tree. This is probably because she has the webbing between the second and third fingers.
Despite having five fingers, while swinging in a tree, he uses only four fingers. He also has a high level kecerdasa animals than other types. They wean their children until the age of one year. Ape species include omnivorous animals that eat plants and insects.
